| Process | Thread |
|---|---|
| 1) Part of Concurrent Programming. | 1) Integral part of Concurrent Programming. |
| 2) A process has a self-contained execution environment. | 2) A thread is a lightweight process. |
| 3) Process has its own memory space. | 3) Threads share the process's resources, including memory and open files. |
| 4) Processes are synonymous with programs or applications. | 4) Threads do things such as memory management and signal handling. |
| 5) A Java application can create additional processes using a ProcessBuilder object. | 5) A Main thread has the ability to create additional threads. |
| 6) To facilitate communication between processes, most operating systems support Inter Process Communication (IPC) resources, such as pipes and sockets. | 6) Threads exist within a process. This makes for efficient, but potentially problematic, communication. |
Processing time for a single core is shared among processes and threads through an OS feature called time slicing.
Time Slice or Preemption : A technique to implement multitasking in operating systems. The period of time for which a process is allowed to run in a preemptive multitasking system is generally called the time slice or quantum. The scheduler is run once every time slice to choose the next process to run.
Source: 1) The Java™ Tutorials 2) Wikipedia
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